遇到森林火災(zāi)時(shí)，應(yīng)保持冷靜，迅速判斷風(fēng)向和火勢(shì)，采取正確的逃生措施，并在安全時(shí)撥打報(bào)警電話求助。

When encountering a forest fire, one should remain calm, quickly assess the wind direction and fire intensity, take correct evacuation measures, and call the emergency hotline for help when it is safe.

判斷風(fēng)向和火勢(shì)

Determine wind direction and fire intensity

在森林中遭遇火災(zāi)一定要密切注意風(fēng)向的變化，因?yàn)檫@說(shuō)明了大火的蔓延方向，這也決定了你逃生的方向是否正確。如果突然感覺到無(wú)風(fēng)的時(shí)候更不能麻痹大意，這時(shí)往往意味著風(fēng)向?qū)?huì)發(fā)生變化或者逆轉(zhuǎn)，一旦逃避不區(qū)，容易造成傷亡。

When encountering a fire in the forest, it is important to pay close attention to changes in wind direction, as this indicates the direction of the fire's spread and determines whether the direction of your escape is correct. If you suddenly feel no wind, you cannot be careless. This often means that the wind direction will change or reverse. Once you cannot escape, it is easy to cause casualties.

采取正確的逃生措施

Take the correct evacuation measures

在森林火災(zāi)中對(duì)人身造成的傷害主要來(lái)自高溫、濃煙和一氧化碳，容易造成熱烤中暑、燒傷、室息或中毒，尤其是一氧化碳具有潛伏性，會(huì)降低人的精神敏銳性，中毒后不容易被察覺。因此，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處森林著火區(qū)域，應(yīng)當(dāng)使用沾濕的毛巾遮住口鼻。附近有水的話最好把身上的衣服浸濕，這樣就多了一層保護(hù)。然后要判明火勢(shì)大小、著火時(shí)的風(fēng)向，應(yīng)當(dāng)逆風(fēng)逃生，切不可順風(fēng)逃生。

The harm caused to human body in forest fires mainly comes from high temperature, thick smoke, and carbon monoxide, which can easily cause heatstroke, burns, suffocation, or poisoning. Especially carbon monoxide has a latent nature and can reduce people's mental sensitivity, making it difficult to detect after poisoning. Therefore, once you find yourself in a forest fire area, you should cover your mouth and nose with a damp towel. If there is water nearby, it is best to soak your clothes in water, which adds an extra layer of protection. Then it is necessary to determine the size of the fire and the direction of the wind at the time of ignition. Escape should be done against the wind and not with the wind.

當(dāng)煙塵襲來(lái)時(shí)，用濕毛巾或衣服捂住口鼻迅速躲避。躲避不及時(shí)，應(yīng)選在附近沒有可燃物的平地臥地避煙。切不可選擇低洼地或坑、洞地帶。因?yàn)榈屯莸睾涂印⒍吹貛菀壮练e煙塵。

When smoke and dust hit, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or clothes to quickly avoid it. If you don't dodge in time, you should choose to lie on a flat ground without combustibles nearby to avoid smoke. Never choose low-lying areas or areas with pits or caves. Because low-lying areas and areas with pits and caves are prone to sedimentation of smoke and dust.

如果被大火包圍在半山腰時(shí)，要快速向山下跑，切忌往山上跑，通常火勢(shì)向上蔓延的速度要比人跑得快得多，火頭會(huì)跑到你的前面。一旦大火撲來(lái)的時(shí)候，如果你處在下風(fēng)向，要做決死的拼搏果斷地迎風(fēng)對(duì)火突破包圍圈。切忌順風(fēng)撤離。如果時(shí)間允許，可以主動(dòng)點(diǎn)火燒掉周圍的可燃物，當(dāng)燒出一片空地后，迅速進(jìn)入空地臥倒避煙。

If you are surrounded by a large fire halfway up the mountain, you should run quickly down the mountain and avoid running up the mountain. Usually, the fire spreads much faster than people, and the flames will run ahead of you. Once a big fire strikes, if you are in the downwind direction, you must make a decisive effort to break through the encirclement by facing the wind and breaking through the fire. Never evacuate with a tailwind. If time permits, you can actively ignite and burn off the surrounding combustibles. When a piece of open space is burned, quickly enter the open space and lie down to avoid smoke.

撥打報(bào)警電話求助

Call the emergency hotline for assistance

順利地脫離火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)之后，還要注意在災(zāi)害現(xiàn)場(chǎng)附近休息的時(shí)候要防止蚊蟲或者蛇、野獸、毒蜂的侵襲。集體或者結(jié)伴出游的朋友應(yīng)當(dāng)相互查看一下大家是否都在，如果有掉隊(duì)的應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向當(dāng)?shù)販缁鹁葹?zāi)人員求援。

After successfully leaving the scene of the fire, it is also important to prevent mosquitoes, snakes, wild animals, and venomous bees from invading while resting near the disaster site. Friends traveling together or in groups should check with each other to see if everyone is present. If anyone falls behind, they should promptly seek help from local firefighting and disaster relief personnel.

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